無論何時,病毒感染都常見(佔全部pediatric pneumonia的45%)
其它依年紀分
- 一個月內的新生兒: 考慮媽媽GI, GU的菌種
- 學齡前:考慮S. pneumonia, S aureus, H influenzae
- 入學後:考慮M. pneumonia(atypical pathogen), S. pneumonia, S. aureus
- Group B streptococcus (最常見)
- Listeria monocytogenes
- GNB (E. Coli, KP)
- RSV (大一點才比較常見)
Young infants (1-3 mo)
- 病毒肺炎為主: RSV, parainfluenza viruses, influenza viruses, adenoviruses, human metapneumovirus
- S. pneumonia (細菌中最常見)
- S. aureus
- Nontypeable H influenzae (H influenzae type B 通常有媽媽的抗體故不易被感染)
Infants, toddlers, and preschool-aged children (~ 5 y)
- 病毒肺炎為主( > 90%, 好發於冬天, 春季): RSV, parainfluenza virus, influenza virus
- S. pneumonia
- H influnzae type B (有接種疫苗幾乎不會得)
School-aged children and young adolescents (6 ~12 y)
- Mycoplasma pneumonia (最多,約佔1/3)
- 病毒肺炎 (influenza virus常常之後接著引發下列細菌肺炎)
- S. pneumonia
- S. aureus
- S. pyogenes
- Chlamydophila pneumoniae
Older adolescents (13~18 y)
- Mycoplasma pneumonia (最多)
- S. pneumonia
- Chlamydophila pneumoniae
- 病毒肺炎: 通常不嚴重 (除了influenza以外)
參考資料:Medscape